ABSTRACT
Resumen Entre 1935 y 1950 aconteció la introducción y desarrollo de la neurología en México. Esto se dio por medio de dos vías: el arribo de los neurocientíficos españoles a México tras su exilio provocado por la Guerra Civil; y la presencia de médicos mexicanos que salieron a especializarse en neurocirugía a EEUU. Se discuten algunas posiciones historiográficas que hablan de la importancia de los españoles exiliados en este acontecer, pero que no han expuesto el relevante papel de los nativos en el surgimiento de la neurología mexicana. Se afirma la existencia de un proceso de integración de ambas partes, donde los nativos buscaron satisfacer necesidades asistenciales mientras que los exiliados tuvieron que encontrar y crear espacios dónde insertarse.
Abstract Between 1935 and 1950 the neurology was presented and developed in Mexico. It happened by two ways: the arrival of Spanish neuroscience researchers in Mexico exiled due the Civil War; and the presence of Mexican doctors that had specialized in neurosurgery in the United States. The article discusses historiographic points of view that stress the importance of the Spanish exiled doctors, but neglect the important role of native doctors in the emergence of Mexican neurology. It states that there was an integration process by both parts, where Mexicans tried to satisfy care needs while the Spanish had to find or create working spaces to belong to.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Physicians/history , Neurology/history , Neurosurgery/history , Spain , Emigrants and Immigrants/history , Neurologists/history , MexicoABSTRACT
ABSTRACT In this manuscript we pay a tribute to Pierre Marie (1853-1940), highlighting his great contribution to medicine and neurology describing several diseases and syndromes. We mainly emphasize aspects of his personal life and personality traits. Considered one of the three greatest neurologists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, his brilliant career began at La Salpêtrière, followed by the development of a neurological school at Hospice Bicêtre. Pierre Marie had numerous disciples around the world, including Brazil, and published on various neurological and endocrinological themes. Back to La Salpêtrière, he concluded his professional life as a Neurology leader. However, after retirement, his demise was sad and lonely
RESUMO Neste manuscrito, prestamos homenagem a Pierre Marie (1853-1940), destacando sua grande contribuição para a medicina e a neurologia, descrevendo várias doenças e síndromes. Enfatizamos principalmente aspectos de sua vida pessoal e traços de personalidade. Considerado um dos três maiores neurologistas do final do século XIX e início do século XX, sua brilhante carreira começou em La Salpêtrière, seguida pelo desenvolvimento de uma escola de neurologia no Hospice Bicêtre. Pierre Marie teve numerosos discípulos em todo o mundo, incluindo o Brasil, e publicou sobre vários temas neurológicos e endocrinológicos. De volta a La Salpêtrière, ele concluiu sua vida profissional como líder da Neurologia. Porém, após aposentadoria, seu ocaso foi triste e solitário
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Neurologists/history , Neurology/history , FranceABSTRACT
Franco-Prussian War started 150 years ago, and it was a short but a tragic turning point to France as a whole, but also a challenging moment for medicine and some outstanding French neurologists. Besides, a new continental European power emerged, consolidating German as a united state. Two Parisian sieges at this time, from the Prussian and that related to the Communards, struggled the Parisian health status. In Medicine, the wounded and diseased health care disorganized logistics were carried out through the military, municipal and civil health services subdivided into mobile ambulances and fixed hospitals. The novel Cross Red ambulances took part. Moreover, anesthesia and antiseptic surgery were applied, but they were in their beginnings. The Faculty of Medicine of Paris physicians were charged with the subsidiary health care of the population, among them Jean-Martin Charcot. Some of them added to the patient care the meetings at the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medicine. Many outstanding neurologists participated at this task force besides Charcot, such as Charles Lasègue, Edmé Felix Alfred Vulpian, Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, AlixJoffroy, Fulgence Raymond, Jules Joseph Déjerine and Henri Duret
A guerra franco-prussiana começou há 150 anos e foi um período curto, mas trágico, para a França como um todo, mas também um momento desafiador para a medicina e alguns neurologistas franceses de destaque. Além disso, uma nova potência da Europa continental emergiu, consolidando a Alemanha como um estado unido. Dois cercos parisienses naquela época, dos prussianos e o relacionado aos "communards", lutavam contra o estado de saúde parisiense. Em Medicina, a logística desorganizada dos serviços de saúde, de cuidados aos feridos e doentes, foi realizada através dos serviços de saúde militar, municipal e civil subdivididos em ambulâncias móveis e hospitais fixos. As novas ambulâncias da Cruz Vermelha participaram. Além disso, anestesia e cirurgia anti-séptica foram aplicadas, mas estavam no início. Os médicos da Faculdade de Medicina de Paris foram encarregados dos cuidados subsidiários de saúde da população, entre eles Jean-Martin Charcot. Alguns deles acrescentaram ao atendimento aos pacientes, as reuniões da Academia de Ciências e da Academia de Medicina. Muitos neurologistas de destaque participaram dessa força-tarefa além de Charcot, como Charles Lasègue, Edmé Felix Alfred Vulpian, Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, AlixJoffroy, Fulgence Raymond, Jules Joseph Déjerine e Henri Duret
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , History, 19th Century , Warfare/history , Neurologists/history , Neurology/history , Armed Conflicts/history , Prussia , France , Military Medicine/history , Military PersonnelABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) is one of the pillars of Brazilian Medicine and, in Neurology, has always shown prominence, with notable professors such as Antônio Austregésilo and Deolindo Couto. Historically, practitioners of the UFRJ Medical School have discovered neurological signs that, although used in medical and academic practice, have never been published. Objective Our aim was to bring these signs to the forefront so that they become properly recognized and studied. Methods We conducted our search by questioning 49 professors and physicians by e-mail about neurological signs that they remembered having had contact with at UFRJ. Results We report on the unpublished pillow sign in progressive supranuclear palsy; the Brazilian sandal sign in functional or malingering patients; the dermographism sign in acute meningitis; the reverse forearm rolling sign in functional palsies; the cycling maneuver in parkinsonian syndromes and the Sá Cavalcanti sign, a Babinski equivalent. We have also recollected the following published signs for their historical relevance: the Austregésilo sign (Antônio Austregésilo), another Babinski equivalent; the digiti quinti rolling sign in subtle palsies (Péricles Maranhão) and the digiti quinti sign in hemiplegic migraine (Maurice Vincent). These signs are easily reproduced and have potential clinical applicability, deserving to be more thoroughly studied. Conclusions Through a qualitative methodology, we have identified six original unpublished neurological signs known by the academic community, establishing the contribution of these individuals to the expansion of neurological semiology.
RESUMO A Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro é um dos pilares da Medicina brasileira. Na Neurologia sempre se destacou com notáveis professores, como Antônio Austregésilo e Deolindo Couto. Historicamente, professores da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRJ descreveram sinais neurológicos que, embora utilizados na prática médica e acadêmica, nunca foram publicados. Objetivo Fazer ressurgir sinais clínicos neurológicos nunca antes publicados, para que possam ser devidamente reconhecidos e estudados. Métodos Quarenta e nove professores e médicos foram contactados por e-mail. Dez responderam questionário semi-estruturado acerca de sinais neurológicos conhecidos pelos profissionais, porém nunca publicados. Resultados Foram relatados: 1- Sinal do Travesseiro - na Paralisia Supranuclear Progressiva; 2- Sinal da sandália- nos pacientes funcionais ou simuladores; 3- Sinal do dermografismo- nas meningites agudas da infância; 4- Sinal do rolamento reverso do antebraço- nas paralisias funcionais; 5- Manobra do pedalar- nas síndromes parkinsonianas; 6- Sinal de Sá Cavalcanti- um sucedâneo de Babinski. Revisamos também os seguintes sinais publicados, por sua relevância histórica: o sinal Austregésilo, outro sucedâneo de Babinski; sinal do rolamento do quinto dedo- nas paralisias sutis e o sinal do quinto dedo- na enxaqueca hemiplégia. Conclusão Por meio de metodologia qualitativa, identificamos seis sinais neurológicos inéditos originais. Esses sinais são de fácil reprodutibilidade e têm aplicabilidade clínica potencial, merecendo estudos adicionais.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Universities/history , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/history , Neurology/history , Universities/trends , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Faculty, Medical/history , Neurologists/history , Neurology/trendsABSTRACT
Los inicios de la Neurología en Cuba se remontan a principios del siglo XIX, pero su definición como especialidad independiente se debió fundamentalmente a la intensa labor asistencial, docente e investigativa del profesor José Rafael Estrada González. Un hito importante fue la creación en 1962 del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía. En la provincia de Santiago de Cuba los primeros neurólogos comenzaron a trabajar en la década de los 70 y a partir de 1983 se inició la docencia de posgrado. En estos años transcurridos se ha consolidado el trabajo docente, asistencial e investigativo de la especialidad, plenamente integrada a todos los programas y tareas del sistema de salud en el país.
The onset of Neurology in Cuba go back to the beginning of the XIX century, but its definition as independent specialty was mainly due to the intense assistance, educational and investigative work of professor José Rafael Estrada González. An important landmark was the creation of the Neurology and Neurosurgery Institute in 1962. In the province of Santiago de Cuba the first neurologists began to work in the 70´s and since 1983 the postgrade teaching began. During those years the educational, assistance and investigative work of the specialty has consolidated, fully integrated to all programs and tasks of the health system in the country.
Subject(s)
Humans , Faculty, Medical/history , Neurologists/history , Neurology/history , Cuba , History of MedicineABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Augusta Marie Déjerine-Klumpke (1859-1927) was a formidable neurologist, neuroanatomist and researcher in France. One of the first women to be accepted for medical internship, externship and research in Paris, Augusta made her name studying and teaching anatomy, histology and dissection, attending clinical activities in neurology, obstetrics, pediatrics and neurologic trauma, performing necropsies, and writing scientific papers and book chapters. Her main research in neurology awarded her an eponym for the avulsion of the lowest root of the brachial plexus (Klumpke's palsy). Married to her professor, the remarkable Dr. Joseph Jules Déjerine, Augusta continued her career and became the first female president of the French Society of Neurology.
RESUMO Augusta Marie Déjerine-Klumpke (1859-1927) foi uma formidável neurologista, neuroanatomista e pesquisadora na França. Uma das primeiras mulheres aceitas para estágios médicos internos e externos ao hospital, e pesquisa em Paris, Augusta fez seu nome estudando e ensinando anatomia, histologia e dissecção, participando de atividades clínicas em neurologia, obstetrícia, pediatria e trauma neurológico, participando de necrópsias, e escrevendo artigos científicos e capítulos de livros. Sua principal pesquisa em neurologia lhe rendeu um epônimo para a avulsão da raiz inferior do plexo braquial (paralisia de Klumpke). Casada com seu professor, o notável Dr. Joseph Jules Déjerine, Augusta continuou sua carreira e se tornou a primeira mulher presidente da Sociedade Francesa de Neurologia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Physicians, Women/history , Neurologists/history , Neurology/history , Paris , Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/history , Eponyms , Neuroanatomy/historyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The year 2016 was the centennial anniversary of the recognition of the Guillain-Barré syndrome, which was first described by George Guillain, Jean-Alexandre Barré and André Strohl. In celebration of the centennial, this historical review describes aspects of the contributions of Guillain and the Spanish neurologist, Barraquer-Bordas and a brief account of the Fourth International Neurological Congress, which brought together Guillain and Barraquer-Bordas. There were many outstanding Brazilian physicians at that meeting. Finally, the author describes his interaction with Barraquer-Bordas and provides an account of his influence in shaping a generation of Brazilian neurologists, including himself.
RESUMO O ano de 2016 foi o aniversário do centenário do reconhecimento da síndrome de Guillain-Barré (GBS), que foi descrita pela primeira vez por George Guillain, Jean-Alexandre Barré e André Strohl. Em comemoração ao centenário, esta revisão histórica descreve aspectos das contribuições de Guillain e Barraquer-Bordas e uma breve descrição do IV Congresso Neurológico Internacional, que reuniu Guillain e o neurologista espanhol Barraquer-Bordas. Naquela reunião houve participação também de excelentes médicos brasileiros. Finalmente, o autor descreve sua interação com Barraquer-Bordas e fornece uma descrição de sua influência na formação de uma geração de neurologistas brasileiros, incluindo ele próprio.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/history , Neurologists/history , Neurology/history , Paris , Spain , Brazil , Congresses as Topic/history , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/virology , Eponyms , Zika Virus Infection/complicationsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Jean-Martin Charcot is considered the father of modern neurology and was the first neurologist to hold a professorship of international stature devoted to the study of the diseases of the nervous system. His biographers paint an image of an austere presence, reserved manner, shyness, economy of gestures and an impenetrable, impassive face. However, a wry and sarcastic side of Charcot can be demonstrated in several situations, and these examples help to clarify the intricacies of his personality and work style.
RESUMO Jean-Martin Charcot é considerado o pai da moderna neurologia e o primeiro professor de doenças do sistema nervoso em todo o mundo. Os seus biógrafos o descrevem com uma imagem austera, reservado, tímido, com uma economia de gestos e uma face impassiva e impenetrável. Entretanto o lado sarcástico e irônico de Charcot pode ser demonstrado em diversas situações, com exemplos que ajudam a clarificar a sua complexa personalidade e o seu estilo de trabalho.